.formula-wrapper{margin:32px 0;width:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center}.formula-box{width:fit-content;background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-left:4px solid #4a90d9;border-radius:12px;padding:16px 24px;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;font-size:14px;color:#475569}.formula-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:0;padding:12px 0}.formula-item:not(:last-child){border-bottom:1px dashed #e2e8f0}.formula-item strong{color:#1e293b;font-weight:600}.fraction{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;margin:0 4px}.numerator{padding:0 8px 4px;border-bottom:1px solid #475569}.denominator{padding:4px 8px 0}@media (max-width:768px){.formula-box{padding:12px 16px;font-size:13px}.formula-item{flex-wrap:wrap}}.formula-item .katex-display{margin:0}ol.square-bullet-list{margin-top:20px;counter-reset:list-counter;list-style:none;padding-left:0}ol.square-bullet-list li.square-bullet-list-item{margin-bottom:20px;counter-increment:list-counter;position:relative;padding-left:45px}ol.square-bullet-list li.square-bullet-list-item::before{content:counter(list-counter);position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:32px;height:32px;background:#e0edff;color:var(--accent);border-radius:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:600;font-size:14px}ol.square-bullet-list li.square-bullet-list-item h3{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:6px;font-size:15.5px;font-weight:600;color:#1e293b;line-height:32px}ol.square-bullet-list li.square-bullet-list-item .li-body{margin-top:0}ol.square-bullet-list li.square-bullet-list-item .li-body p{margin:0;font-size:15px}.li-body{gap:12px;align-items:flex-start;margin-top:10px}ol.square-bullet-list li.square-bullet-list-item-green{margin-bottom:20px;counter-increment:list-counter;position:relative;padding-left:45px}ol.square-bullet-list li.square-bullet-list-item-green::before{content:counter(list-counter);position:absolute;left:10px;top:10px;width:32px;height:32px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;flex:0 0 auto;display:inline-flex;border-radius:10px;background:rgba(16,185,129,.12);color:#047857}ol.square-bullet-list li.square-bullet-list-item-green .li-body{margin:0 0 0 6px;font-size:15px;text-align:justify}table{border-collapse:collapse;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;width:auto;margin:0 auto;text-align:left}thead th{background-color:#4a90d9;color:#fff;padding:12px 16px;text-align:center;font-size:15px}tbody td{padding:12px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0;vertical-align:middle;font-size:14px;color:#333}tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:none}tbody tr:hover{background-color:#f0f6ff}td:first-child{text-align:center;font-weight:700;font-size:18px;width:100px}td:last-child{width:160px;white-space:nowrap}.split-header{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;padding:4px 0}.split-header .top-label{text-align:right;font-size:13px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.85)}.split-header .bottom-label{text-align:left;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;color:#fff;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3);margin-top:6px;padding-top:6px}.table-wrapper{display:flex;text-align:center;width:100%;margin:32px 0;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.risk-matrix thead th.sp-cell{width:64px;height:64px;min-width:64px;min-height:64px;padding:0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:18px;box-sizing:border-box}.risk-matrix tbody td.sp-cell{width:64px;height:64px;min-width:64px;min-height:64px;padding:0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;box-sizing:border-box}.risk-matrix tbody td.risk-label,.risk-matrix thead th.risk-label{padding:12px 16px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;height:64px;box-sizing:border-box}.sp-1{background-color:#d1fae5}.sp-2{background-color:#a7f3d0}.sp-3{background-color:#fef08a}.sp-5{background-color:#fde047}.sp-8{background-color:#fdba74}.sp-13{background-color:#fca5a5}.sp-21{background-color:#f87171;color:#fff;font-weight:700}.units-table td:first-child,.units-table th:first-child{min-width:200px}:root{--bg:#f5f7fb;--bg-card:#ffffff;--text-main:#0f172a;--text-muted:#152236;--accent:#2563eb;--accent-soft:#e0edff;--accent-green:#10b981;--border-soft:#e2e8f0;--radius-lg:18px;--radius-xl:26px;--shadow-soft:0 18px 45px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);--article-main-width:1120px}*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}body{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"SF Pro Text","Segoe UI",sans-serif;background:var(--bg);color:var(--text-main);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;line-height:1.5}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}img{max-width:100%;display:block}.page{min-height:100vh;padding:32px 16px 40px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center}@media (min-width:768px){.page{padding:40px 24px 48px}}@media (min-width:1024px){.page{padding:48px 32px 56px}}.shell{width:100%;max-width:var(--article-main-width);background:#f9fafb;border-radius:32px;box-shadow:var(--shadow-soft);overflow:hidden}.top-bar-inside{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.05em;font-size:26px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#111827}.content{padding:24px 24px 28px}@media (min-width:1024px){.content{padding:32px 40px 36px}}.hero{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:24px;align-items:center;padding-bottom:24px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-soft)}@media (min-width:900px){.hero{flex-direction:row;align-items:flex-start;gap:40px}}.hero-main{flex:1.4}.hero-left{flex:1.4;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:20px}section{padding-top:28px}section+section{padding-top:24px}.section-title{font-size:22px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}.section-body{font-size:15px;color:var(--text-muted);text-align:justify}@media (max-width:600px){.content{padding:20px 18px 26px}.shell{border-radius:24px}}@keyframes fadeIn{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes zoomIn{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(.9)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}.discussion-block{margin:48px 0 auto;padding:32px;background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:12px;text-align:center;max-width:100%}.discussion-title{margin:0 0 12px 0;font-size:22px;font-weight:700;color:#1e293b}.discussion-text{margin:0 0 24px 0;font-size:15px;color:#64748b;line-height:1.6}.discussion-links{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;max-width:400px;margin:0 auto}.discussion-link{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;padding:14px 24px;background:#fff;border:2px solid #e2e8f0;border-radius:8px;text-decoration:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:#475569;transition:all .2s ease-out}.discussion-link:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(15,23,42,.1)}.discussion-link.reddit:hover{border-color:#ff4500;color:#ff4500;background:#fff5f0}.discussion-link.hackernews:hover{border-color:#f60;color:#f60;background:#fff8f0}.discussion-link.lobsters:hover{border-color:#9e2929;color:#9e2929;background:#fef2f2}@media (min-width:600px){.discussion-links{flex-direction:row;max-width:100%}.discussion-link{flex:1}}@media (max-width:600px){.discussion-block{padding:24px 20px}.discussion-title{font-size:20px}}.article-lead{width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:8px 0 0 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;color:#475569;font-weight:500;font-style:italic;text-align:center}@media (max-width:768px){.article-lead{font-size:15px}}.principle-summary{display:block;margin-bottom:14px;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;color:#1f2937;line-height:1.6;padding-left:24px;position:relative}.principle-summary::before{content:"✓";position:absolute;left:0;color:#10b981;font-size:18px;font-weight:700}.article-image{margin:28px auto;display:block;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(15,23,42,.08)}.article-image--sm{max-width:min(100%,340px)}.article-image--md{max-width:min(100%,560px)}.article-image--lg{max-width:min(100%,800px)}.article-title{font-size:32px;line-height:1.1;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:12px;text-align:center}@media (min-width:768px){.article-title{font-size:32px;margin-top:24px}}@media (max-width:600px){.article-title{font-size:28px;margin-top:24px}}.back-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:8px 16px;background:var(--bg-card);border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:12px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--text-main);font-size:15px;font-weight:600;transition:all .15s ease-out;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(15,23,42,.04)}.back-link:hover{background:var(--accent-soft);border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent);transform:translateX(-2px);box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(37,99,235,.12)}.back-arrow{font-size:18px;line-height:1;display:flex;align-items:center;transition:transform .15s ease-out}.back-link:hover .back-arrow{transform:translateX(-2px)}.article-image{cursor:zoom-in;transition:opacity .2s ease-out}.article-image:hover{opacity:.92}.image-modal-backdrop{display:none;position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:9999;background:rgba(255,255,255,.98);padding:20px;cursor:zoom-out;animation:fadeIn .2s ease-out}.image-modal-backdrop.is-open{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.image-modal-content{max-width:100%;max-height:calc(95vh - 80px);width:auto;height:auto;object-fit:contain;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 25px 50px rgba(15,23,42,.15);cursor:zoom-out;animation:zoomIn .25s ease-out}.image-modal-close{position:fixed;top:20px;right:20px;width:44px;height:44px;border:2px solid var(--border-soft);background:var(--bg-card);cursor:pointer;border-radius:50%;transition:all .2s ease-out;z-index:10000;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(15,23,42,.1)}.image-modal-close::after,.image-modal-close::before{content:'';position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;width:20px;height:2px;background:var(--text-main);transition:background .2s ease-out}.image-modal-close::before{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(45deg)}.image-modal-close::after{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(-45deg)}.image-modal-close:hover{background:var(--accent-soft);border-color:var(--accent);transform:rotate(90deg);box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(37,99,235,.2)}.image-modal-close:hover::after,.image-modal-close:hover::before{background:var(--accent)}.article-figure{margin:28px auto;text-align:center}.article-figure .article-image{margin:0 auto}.article-caption{margin-top:10px;font-size:13px;color:#64748b;font-style:italic;text-align:center}.article-caption a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;font-weight:500}.article-caption a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.image-modal-wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;max-width:95%;max-height:95%;cursor:zoom-out}.image-modal-caption{display:none;margin-top:16px;padding:12px 20px;background:var(--bg-card);border-radius:8px;font-size:14px;color:#64748b;font-style:italic;text-align:center;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(15,23,42,.1);max-width:600px;cursor:auto}.image-modal-caption a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;font-weight:500;cursor:pointer}.image-modal-caption a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.important-block{margin-top:20px;padding:16px;background:#fff3cd;border-radius:12px;border-left:4px solid #ffc107}.summary-list{margin-left:8%;margin-right:8%}.article-meta{text-align:center;margin-bottom:8px;padding-bottom:6px}.article-date{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:14px;color:#64748b;font-weight:500}.article-date::before{content:'📅';font-size:16px}.link-icon{font-size:20px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:20px;height:20px}.link-text{font-size:15px}.icon-img{width:20px;height:20px;object-fit:contain}.icon-fallback{font-size:20px}.human-proof-block{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;margin:32px auto 0;padding:18px 28px;background:rgba(37,99,235,.05);border:1px solid rgba(37,99,235,.2);border-radius:var(--radius-lg);box-shadow:0 8px 16px rgba(37,99,235,.06);width:fit-content;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.not-by-ai-badge img{height:60px;width:auto;display:block}.human-proof-content{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}.human-proof-text{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--text-main);margin:0;font-weight:500;line-height:1.5}.human-proof-links{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}.proof-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:var(--text-main);text-decoration:none;padding:6px 12px;background:var(--bg-card);border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:8px;transition:all .15s ease-out;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(15,23,42,.02)}.proof-link:hover{background:var(--accent-soft);border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent);transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 4px 8px rgba(37,99,235,.08)}.proof-icon{width:20px;height:20px;object-fit:contain}@media (max-width:600px){.human-proof-block{flex-direction:column;text-align:center;padding:20px 16px;gap:16px}.human-proof-links{justify-content:center}.human-proof-text{font-size:13px}}.discussion-addendum{margin-top:36px;padding-top:32px;border-top:1px solid var(--border-soft);display:grid;gap:24px}.discussion-section{position:relative;overflow:hidden;padding:22px;background:var(--bg-card);border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:var(--radius-xl);box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(15,23,42,.08)}.discussion-section::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0 auto 0 0;width:5px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--accent),rgba(37,99,235,.28))}.discussion-section::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:-120px;right:-120px;width:260px;height:260px;border-radius:999px;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(37,99,235,.12),rgba(37,99,235,0));pointer-events:none}.discussion-section--takeaways::before{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--accent-green),rgba(16,185,129,.25))}.discussion-section--takeaways::after{background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(16,185,129,.12),rgba(16,185,129,0))}.discussion-section__header{position:relative;z-index:1;max-width:760px}.discussion-section__title{margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:6px;font-size:clamp(21px, 2.1vw, 26px);line-height:1.2;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--text-main)}.discussion-section__title strong{font-weight:inherit}.discussion-section__subtitle{color:var(--text-muted);font-size:15px;line-height:1.55}.discussion-section__subtitle em{font-style:italic}.discussion-takeaways{position:relative;z-index:1;margin-top:18px;list-style:none;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px}.discussion-takeaway{display:flex;gap:13px;padding:16px;background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:var(--radius-lg)}.discussion-takeaway__number{flex:0 0 auto;width:32px;height:32px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:10px;background:rgba(16,185,129,.12);color:#047857;font-size:14px;font-weight:800}.discussion-takeaway p{margin:0;color:var(--text-muted);line-height:1.55}@media (min-width:760px){.discussion-section{padding:26px 28px}.discussion-takeaways{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}.discussion-reading--simple{margin-top:18px;padding-left:0;list-style:none;display:grid;gap:10px}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__item{margin:0}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__link{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;padding:15px 16px;background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:var(--radius-lg);color:inherit;text-decoration:none;transition:transform .15s ease-out,border-color .15s ease-out,background .15s ease-out,box-shadow .15s ease-out}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__link:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);background:var(--bg-card);border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(15,23,42,.08)}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__link:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(16,185,129,.22);outline-offset:3px}.discussion-reading__text{min-width:0;display:flex;align-items:baseline;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 10px}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__title{color:var(--text-main);font-size:15.5px;font-weight:750;line-height:1.35}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__author{color:var(--text-muted);font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.35}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__author::before{content:"by ";opacity:.75}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__arrow{flex:0 0 auto;width:32px;height:32px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:10px;background:var(--accent-soft);color:var(--accent);font-size:16px;font-weight:800;transition:transform .15s ease-out}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__link:hover .discussion-reading__arrow{transform:translate(2px,-2px)}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__description,.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__meta{display:none}@media (max-width:520px){.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__link{align-items:flex-start}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__text{display:grid;gap:4px}.discussion-reading--simple .discussion-reading__arrow{display:none}}.discussion-addendum{width:min(calc(100% - 32px),var(--article-main-width));max-width:var(--article-main-width);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;box-sizing:border-box}.discussion-section{width:100%;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.discussion-reading__link,.discussion-takeaway{max-width:100%;min-width:0;box-sizing:border-box}.discussion-reading__text,.discussion-takeaway>div{min-width:0}.discussion-reading__author,.discussion-reading__title,.discussion-takeaway h3,.discussion-takeaway p{overflow-wrap:break-word}.discussion-takeaway .li-body>ol{margin:6px 0 10px;padding-left:1.5rem;list-style-position:outside}.discussion-takeaway .li-body>ol>li{padding-left:.25rem}.copyright{margin-top:16px}.principle-card{margin-top:16px;padding:16px 20px 18px;background:var(--bg-card);border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-left:4px solid var(--accent);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(15,23,42,.04)}.principle-card__title{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:17px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;color:var(--text-main);text-align:left}.principle-card__tag{display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;background:var(--accent-soft);color:var(--accent);border-radius:6px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em}.principle-card__definition{margin:0 0 10px;padding:8px 14px;background:#f8fafc;border-radius:8px;font-style:italic;color:#475569}.principle-card__reduction{margin:0}@media (max-width:600px){.principle-card{padding:14px 14px 16px}}.share-btn[hidden]{display:none}.share-btn--linkedin{--brand:#0a66c2}.share-btn--x{--brand:#0f172a}.share-btn--facebook{--brand:#1877f2}.share-btn--reddit{--brand:#ff4500}.share-btn--hackernews{--brand:#ff6600}.share-btn--telegram{--brand:#229ed9}.share-btn--whatsapp{--brand:#1da851}.share-btn--copy,.share-btn--email,.share-btn--native{--brand:var(--accent)}.share-buttons{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:8px}.share-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;font:inherit;color:var(--text-main);background:var(--bg-card);border:1px solid var(--border-soft);cursor:pointer;transition:all .15s ease-out;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(15,23,42,.02)}.share-icon{color:var(--brand)}.share-icon--check{display:none}.share-btn.is-copied .share-icon{display:none}.share-btn.is-copied .share-icon--check{display:block;color:var(--accent-green)}.share-icon{flex:0 0 auto;width:16px;height:16px}.share-btn:hover{color:var(--brand);border-color:var(--brand);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--brand) 7%,#fff);transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 4px 10px color-mix(in srgb,var(--brand) 16%,transparent)}.share-btn:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(37,99,235,.25);outline-offset:2px}.share-btn.is-copied{color:var(--accent-green);border-color:var(--accent-green);background:rgba(16,185,129,.08)}.share-status:not(.is-visible){position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap}.share-status.is-visible{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:14px;color:#64748b}.share-status__url{font-weight:600;color:var(--text-main);overflow-wrap:anywhere;user-select:all}.share-section{margin-top:32px;padding:28px 24px;text-align:center;background:rgba(37,99,235,.05);border:1px solid rgba(37,99,235,.2);border-radius:var(--radius-lg);box-shadow:0 8px 16px rgba(37,99,235,.06)}.share-section__title{font-size:22px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;color:var(--text-main)}.share-section__text{margin:6px 0 20px;font-size:15px;color:#64748b}.share-section .share-btn{padding:9px 12px;border-radius:10px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.share-section .share-btn:hover{color:var(--brand)}.share-section .share-btn.is-copied{color:var(--accent-green)}@media (max-width:600px){.share-section{padding:22px 16px}.share-section__title{font-size:20px}.share-section .share-buttons{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.share-section .share-btn{justify-content:flex-start}}.subscribe-line{margin-top:14px;text-align:center}.rss-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:7px 12px;border:1px solid var(--border-soft);border-radius:10px;background:var(--bg-card);color:#475569;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;transition:all .15s ease-out}.rss-link:hover{color:#f26522;border-color:#f26522;background:rgba(242,101,34,.07);transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 4px 10px rgba(242,101,34,.16)}.rss-link:focus-visible{outline:3px solid rgba(37,99,235,.25);outline-offset:2px}.rss-icon{flex:0 0 auto;width:15px;height:15px;color:#f26522}